What is Working Capital?
Working capital is the excess of a company’s current assets over its current liabilities — the cash buffer that keeps operations running day to day. It shows how much capital is available to pay suppliers, payroll, interest, and taxes while still investing in growth initiatives. In corporate finance, consistently positive and well-managed working capital supports stronger free cash flow, better credit terms, and higher transaction valuations.
Formula to Calculate Working Capital
Example
Imagine a company with $120,000 in current assets and $60,000 in current liabilities. Using the formula, working capital = $120,000 − $60,000 = $60,000, meaning the firm has a $60,000 liquidity cushion to cover short-term obligations and reinvest in operations. The same inputs also imply a current ratio of 2.0x, a level often viewed as a healthy liquidity position in many industries.